What type of mask is required when caring for a patient with COVID-19?

The requirement for an N-95 mask when caring for a patient with COVID-19 stems from the nature of the virus and how it is transmitted. N-95 masks are designed to filter out at least 95% of airborne particles, including large respiratory droplets containing viruses and smaller aerosols that might be generated when a patient coughs, sneezes, talks, or breathes. These masks create a tight seal around the face, which is critical in a healthcare setting where the risk of inhaling airborne pathogens is significant.

In contrast, surgical masks, while providing some level of protection, do not offer the same filtration efficiency or airtight fit, making them less effective in preventing the inhalation of airborne viruses in scenarios involving higher risk of exposure. Cloth masks, while useful for community settings, do not meet the filtration standards required in clinical environments, particularly for procedures that may generate aerosols. Face shields, while offering additional protection by covering the face, are not sufficient alone in preventing the inhalation of airborne droplets. Thus, the choice of an N-95 mask is aligned with recommended guidelines for infection control and prevention in the management of patients with COVID-19 to ensure the safety of healthcare workers.